What came before impressionism ?
Realism was a movement that developed in mid century France. There was an emphasis on science and empiricism (the search for knowledge based on observation and direct experience). Positivism also influenced the art of this time as it promoted science as the mind's highest achievement and advocated a purely empirical approach to nature and society. Realists argued that the only things of one’s own time – what people could see for themselves – were “real”.
They focused their attention on the experiences and sights of everyday contemporary life and disapproved of historical and fictional subjects because they were neither real and visible nor present. The Realist movement in french art flourished from 1840's until the late nineteenth century a huge transitioning movement in the art world. Realism emerged after the Revolution of 1848. It was based on the view of modern day world.
They focused their attention on the experiences and sights of everyday contemporary life and disapproved of historical and fictional subjects because they were neither real and visible nor present. The Realist movement in french art flourished from 1840's until the late nineteenth century a huge transitioning movement in the art world. Realism emerged after the Revolution of 1848. It was based on the view of modern day world.
what is impressionism?
Impressionism was an art style in which painters captured scenes as they were most of they're painting happened to take place out doors. This movement emerged as a result of the artistic restrictions of traditional painting.They're style consisted of loose brush strokes vibrant colors and a lot of lighting. Many people felt offended by these paintings because they had never seen such thing it wasn't the traditional art they're were used to seeing. Impressioism was the gateway for all artists to experiment new techniques. It also opened up new options like no longer having to depend ont he government to exhibit they're work they now were negotiating privetly with interested buyers which helped the artist become mroe known and respected for his art work. Impressionism was a result of realism conveying different images never seen before which eventually spread through Europe and the United states. Claude Monet was one of the well known leaders of impressionism who rebelled against traditional art work and methods oof painting.This movement impacted the future art movements because it created a gateway for other idead and techniques to emerged. Created a path for new technology and inventions to evolve.
Why did impressionism develop?
Impressionism got its start when Realists opposed to romanticism which had taken over french art and literature ever since the late 18th century. It rejected the exaggerated art and drama to portray modern day contemporary people. It was to convey real scenarios they didn't want to leave out the true aspects of the life we live in. The painters depicted the harsh conditions going on during the time period by using more of dull gloomy colors to portray the mood. Painters such as Claude Monet and Pierre Auguste Renoir who wanted to move away from the traditional style of art and wanted to start something more modern and real. An Impressionist paints landscapes and outdoor scenes outside, they worked in a short period of time so when the light changes they would stop and continue the next day when lighting is the same. There were new advantages the impressionists had which were the packaging of colors in portable collapsible tubes, and because of the new range of colors available.
Leaders of Impressionism.
Claude Monet was one of the most famous french painters of his time. He was also one of the leading figures of the impressionist movement. One of his pieces was named impressionism by a critic due to the fact that the art piece consisted of forms and light then it was with realism.
Monet struggled with depression, poverty and illness throughout his life. He died in 1926.
Monet struggled with depression, poverty and illness throughout his life. He died in 1926.
Edouard Manet
Edouard Manet was a french painter who bridged the gap between realism and impressionism.
He left his old techniques after learning and seeing other artists techniques.
Berthe Morisot had a large influence on him after traveling to Spain she influenced him to widen his color choices and introduced him to other impressionist.
Manet's most famous works include "The Luncheon on the Grass and Olympia." Manet led the French transition from realism to impressionism. he died in 1883
He left his old techniques after learning and seeing other artists techniques.
Berthe Morisot had a large influence on him after traveling to Spain she influenced him to widen his color choices and introduced him to other impressionist.
Manet's most famous works include "The Luncheon on the Grass and Olympia." Manet led the French transition from realism to impressionism. he died in 1883
Edgar Degas
born on July 19, 1834 in Paris, France, was famous for his painting,prints, sculptures and drawings.By the late 1860s, Degas had shifted from his initial forays into history painting to an original observation of contemporary life.
his art depicted a lot of movement
died on September 27, 1917
his art depicted a lot of movement
died on September 27, 1917
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Started of when 6 of his paintings where hung in the first impressionist exhibitions in 1874. His art work was known for their vibrant light and saturated colour. His primary subject was female nudes
died in 1919
died in 1919
Berthe Morist
Berthe Morisot was born January 14, 1841, in Bourges, France. She was always involved in art from a young age being educated by some of the greatest of her times. Her first appearance was in the Salon De Paris at age of twenty-three in 1864. Her works also include landscapes, portraits, garden settings and boating scenes.
Berthe Morisot died of pneumonia contracted while attending to her daughter Julie's similar illness on March 2, 1895
Berthe Morisot died of pneumonia contracted while attending to her daughter Julie's similar illness on March 2, 1895
Impressionism's impact on future art movements
One of the impacts that Impressionism caused in the future art movements was Pointillism. This new form of painting was the use of many small dots of colour giving the painting vibrancy when it was looked at from far away. One of the leaders who started with this new idea was Seurat. Impressionism had an impact on our future because now artist could paint using different techniques and not being forced to just do one. Painting was much more free and now wasn't only in your studio there were new things being created such as the paint tubes. It opened up the gates for new art movements to emerge and new inventions as well.
Salons
Salons were government sanctioned exhibitions. Most salons were so rigid and strict about their rules on the artists paintings. There was only two salons called "Salon de Paris" and "Salon de Refuses". The Salon de Paris was the original salon they only accepted traditional paintings and artists. The Salon de Refuses, the french term for exhibition of rejects, exhibited all the work that was not accepted into the Salon de Paris. The Salon de Refuses was opened in 1863 and sponsored by the French government.
War Franco Prussian war impressionism
(19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a significant conflict pitting the Second french empire against the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German confederation , crafted in 1867 after Prussia's victory against the Austrian Empire.The Franco-Prussian War was the most important conflict fought in Europe between the time of the Napoleonic Wars and the First World War , ending with the complete victory of Prussia and its allies. In France, internal discontent intensified to cause the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the Second French empire.The city of Paris was renovated between 1853 and 1870 under Emperor Napoleon III. Baron Haussmann brought down old buildings to create more room for a safer city. The Franco Prussian War required a lot of reconstruction to be done since a lot was destroyed. Pissaro and Gustave Caillebotte now had a lot of material to work of . They painted the scenes each focused on a different style like working cases and privilege classes and landscapes in their art. The renovations improved the quality of life l, disease epidemics ceased, traffic movement improved and the new buildings were better. After the Franco Prussian war there was an increase of people living in Paris. Industrialization had begun and there were many new inventions and technological advances , for example many new factories, new chemical and manufacturing and iron production processes, improvements in water efficiency, the development of machine tools, and the increased use of steam power.
Invention Of The Camera
When the camera was invented many artists were amazed at the fact you could now capture life in a instant. Even though this was invented impressionist continued painting which was the same as a picture to them. Now the only difference and advantage was that they now had a cropped composition.The pictures captured tone and light which made it easier for these artists.
The Academic Des Beaux- Arts
Founded in 1648 a French academy under King Louis XIV. It was only for men when it first opened till later on in 1897 when women were allowed to take part. There art talents were proven by giving certain tests to see the skills these artists had the director of this academy was Charles Le Brun it was one of the well known schools in France Monet was educated here but before being admitted she was rejected several times.
Japonism
First used in 1872 it was the influence of Japanese art and culture. It had an influence of European art and impressionism.In France the term japoisme meant something else it was a specific technique /art style found in fine art from 1864. "it was said that James Whistler discovered Japanese prints in a Chinese tearoom near London bridge and that Claude Monet first came upon them used ad wrapping paper in a spice shop in Holland". The Japanese painting consist of asymmetrical arrangements and large areas of flat color with detailed patterns.
Invention of of box/field easel
During the nineteenth century the "Box Easel", typically known as the French Box Easel was invented. This is still used today their used to hold up art work it was now easier for artists and this came with a paint box with the portable easel that could fit all the painting supplies it even had adjustable legs.
Scientific Thought
Scientific thought during this time was realizing that what the eye perceived and what the brain understood were two different things.Post-Impressionists were influenced by the scientific research involving the discovery of the atom. Post-Impressionists, like scientists of their time, were interested in the way everything was composed of tiny dot-like atoms and whether or not these atoms were physical. Both scientists and post impressionists thought about how nature work together through atoms. Some showed this idea in there paintings made up of dots. portraying this through different colors and the way they separate. Georges Seurat one of the most scientific painters of his time was intrigued in the color theory.took
" the way the eye took in different arrangements of colors when placed next to each other" He applied scientific discoveries related to color and light, to his paintings, including A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.
" the way the eye took in different arrangements of colors when placed next to each other" He applied scientific discoveries related to color and light, to his paintings, including A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.
Introduction of Paint Tubes
The invention of paint tubes now gave artists the opportunity to paint outdoors not only in their studio. Paint wouldn't be wasted since now you could use the paint tubes and just save the paint for next time. It also helped them paint rapidly. Before the invention artists had to grind their colors and mix them with oil and thinner. This made working outdoors harder because you had to carefully rake everything with you
Resources
http://kisdwebs.katyisd.org/campuses/MRHS/teacherweb/paze/Teacher%20Documents/Art%20History%20Teacher%20Notes/Realism%20and%20Impressionism.pdf
http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/impressionism.htm
http://ebtx.com/art/art22.htm
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-birth-of-impressionism-manet-and-monet.html
http://jnootzie.hubpages.com/hub/Art-Through-the-Ages-Impressionism
http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_janson_historyart_7/51/13146/3365390.cw/index.html
http://www.all-art.org/Architecture/22.htm
http://kisdwebs.katyisd.org/campuses/MRHS/teacherweb/paze/Teacher%20Documents/Images%20to%20Study/Realism%20and%20Impressionism%20Images%20to%20Study.pdf
http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/c19th/impressionism.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-impressionism.htm
http://www.biography.com/people/groups/artists/painters/art/painting/impressionists-painters
http://arthistory.about.com/od/impressionism/ig/impressionism/03_people.htm
http://arthistory.about.com/od/impressionism/bb/impressionism.htm
http://www.all-art.org/history480.html
PICTURES:
Manet - biography.com
Monet- http://www.hellenicaworld.com/Photography/images/en/OscarClaudeMonet.html
http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/impressionism.htm
http://ebtx.com/art/art22.htm
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-birth-of-impressionism-manet-and-monet.html
http://jnootzie.hubpages.com/hub/Art-Through-the-Ages-Impressionism
http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_janson_historyart_7/51/13146/3365390.cw/index.html
http://www.all-art.org/Architecture/22.htm
http://kisdwebs.katyisd.org/campuses/MRHS/teacherweb/paze/Teacher%20Documents/Images%20to%20Study/Realism%20and%20Impressionism%20Images%20to%20Study.pdf
http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/c19th/impressionism.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-impressionism.htm
http://www.biography.com/people/groups/artists/painters/art/painting/impressionists-painters
http://arthistory.about.com/od/impressionism/ig/impressionism/03_people.htm
http://arthistory.about.com/od/impressionism/bb/impressionism.htm
http://www.all-art.org/history480.html
PICTURES:
Manet - biography.com
Monet- http://www.hellenicaworld.com/Photography/images/en/OscarClaudeMonet.html